BLOGTHNG

The Robot Doctor Will See You Now

Last week, I was at a seminar on Connected Health and saw some pretty scary statistics. For example, the number of people who are going to be over the age of 80 by 2020 is set to double. In Europe, this equates to more than 29m people. In the UK, care for the over-65s now comprises of 40% of all NHS spending. And, not only is the population aging at a significant rate, healthcare is shifting from acute to chronic illnesses. Of course, healthcare systems are not evolving at the rate of demographic change. Who is going to take care of these people, especially those without an extended family? The government of Norway now estimates that it will need an additional 100,000 people in the healthcare industry in 10 years. The current options of care homes and nursing homes are neither appealing nor able to cope with the numbers involved.

Remote and on-going monitoring will be essential to support those people outside of traditional healthcare environments. The world of IoT will allow more intelligent, continuous monitoring. Health care professionals will be able to collect and store real-time information about their patients and even be alerted when something is wrong and action is needed.

Imagine that a nurse no longer has to check your father’s vital signs 4 times a day if he is in hospital. Instead, your connected hospital bed monitors vital signs continuously and even sends you a text message saying that he is ok. And, when he comes home, the smart drug pack sends you an alert to say that he hasn’t opened the pack or sends him a reminder that it’s time to take the medication. Or, perhaps his smartphone can confirm that he’s taken not only the right pills but the right amount at the right time of day.

There are even benefits of continuous monitoring within a hospital. Aventura Hospital, in Florida, has started tracking patients using a small plastic wristband like Nike+. They receive this wristband during admission. It automatically checks in as they arrive in their bed, travel around the hospital and check-out. The system does the same for the equipment. No longer do doctors or nurses have to search for patients, beds or equipment.

Remote monitoring could also prevent unnecessary trips to the doctor or hospital. There are already devices, apps and iPhone plug ins like GlucoDock which let diabetics track their own blood sugar levels, or CareLogger which also helps measure blood pressure, meals and weight. These sensors are already being built into our clothing (bio-tracking clothing like the Under Armour shirt tracks your heart rate, lung capacity and metabolism) and it won’t be long before our car seatbelts could just as easily be set to automatically notify a doctor or care giver if our blood pressure exceeded a pre-determined threshold.

And, imagine how the Internet of Things could save lives in hospitals by fighting infections. Handwashing has been proven to prevent hospital-acquired infections. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) data shows that hand washing by providers only occurs 55 percent of the time. But, now, by wearing badges that count each room entry and exit, along with the use of soap or sanitiser dispensers, tracking hand washing is automated and doesn’t interfere with existing hospital processes.

A large part of the impact of IoT will be to help connect the fragmented and increasing decentralised healthcare world. Remote monitoring and the continuous stream of data sent to doctors, care givers and even patients themselves, will drive better and faster decision-making.

The Internet of Things will increasingly become a necessity in a world of increasing healthcare demand and decreasing resources.

Everywhere and EVRYTHNG Computing

Yes, it’s that time of year: Internet Queen Bee Mary Meeker, maker and breaker of companies back in the day when she was the securities tech analyst on Wall St, releases her hugely anticipated Internet Trends report.

The 117-page deck is, as ever, packed with data and analysis about the State of the Net. This year it includes the concept of ‘Everywhere Computing’ and a third computing cycle going from Smartphones to Tablets to “Wearables, Drivables, Flyables, Scannables”. This comprises of everything from connected cars and drones to image recognition and tags like QR codes (up 400% year on year in China), and obviously resonates quite well here at EVRYTHNG Towers.

Given the number of digital sensors being embedded in devices, wearable tech and everyday objects, Meeker reports that by 2015 the volume of data generated and shared will hit 8 zettabytes. For instance, self-quantifying health and fitness apps like JawboneUP whose users (including me) have, apparently, already recorded and shared billions of steps, over 700,000 hours of sleep and are interacting with the app around five times a day.

In fact, over the next few years this kind of personal lifestyle tech could play an important role in behaviour change shifts for healthier living. In 2007, 40% of premature deaths in the US were caused by destructive activities like smoking, excessive alcohol, obesity and inactivity. Wearable technology and connected personal items could reduce this somewhat tragic stat by helping people become more aware of how their daily behaviour impacts their health.

Meeker thinks we’re on the cusp of something big since most major manufacturers are either producing or rumoured to be producing some sort of wearable technology and crucially we’re seeing an acceleration in the typical 10 year cycle for major new technology platforms.

And for those who might dismiss wearable tech like Google Glass, Meeker reminds us that we’ve under-estimated these tech cycles before:

“There’s no reason anyone would want a computer in their home” – Ken Olsen, Founder, Digital Equipment, 1977

Emerging Technologies and Marketing Touchpoints

We were recently interviewed for this new Forrester report on the impact of emerging technologies on designers, marketers and end-users, the way this shifts how people digitally engage with physical things and how those things communicate with other connected objects around them. (Needless to say we’re pretty happy to have been named in the report as part of this connected physical/digital ecosystem, alongside some of the biggest technology players).

Here’s a quick seven point tour through the most interesting bits of the report and the ideas it provoked.

1. More and more of our everyday media and service experiences are digital. Shopping for instance. Even if we still buy things in physical stores, some online research is likely to have taken place before the purchase (not to mention ‘show-rooming’ on smartphones as shoppers compare prices in-store), and post-purchase recommendations will almost inevitably be socially-connected.

2. All this activity leaves a digital trail, from Instagram snaps to product reviews and Facebook, Foursquare or TopTable check-ins. So what happens when this digital data trail and our online activities become interconnected with the physical objects and environments we’re interacting with?

3. Smart objects can open up entirely new consumer journeys and deeper, more personalized content and service experiences. Not to mention many new types of data, hence we’re seeing the development of predictive analytics to determine emotional need states to second-guess moods and create greater relevance.

4. Why can’t my cycling gear (clothing, shoes, water bottle etc.) communicate with my bike and between them pull in data about local weather, traffic, recommended amount of water intake, and so on. Then knowing that I may (theoretically of course ;-)) have put on a couple of pounds recently, come up with an appropriate journey on my smartphone, suggesting a good pub (based on the weather and my menu preference) as a halfway point? It could also measure biometric data like sweat output, heart rate and breathing to tell me if I’m going too hard, or my water bottle could tell me I’m taking on too much water, or not enough.

5. Designing new experiences through these emerging technologies and channels becomes, say Forrester, the new marketing. Interactivity, specialised use cases with smart objects and wearables, journey maps or immersive experiences will all be adding value to a customer’s experience and therefore become the marketing channel.

6. Consumer behaviour and engagement with brands, Forrester’s report proposes, will be through software, as people won’t want deep and meaningful relationships with hundreds of brands, they will just want useful products wrapped in digital services to support their lifestyle.

7. It makes sense to us that this is how successful brands will operate and define their value in the future. By making products smart, brands turn their products into software. Which means the products can exist as intelligent web objects while remaining beautifully designed physical objects, and interact with and be customized for those who make, sell and use them.

International Web of Things Workshop – Call for Papers

We are happy to announce that this year EVRYTHNG will again co-organize the International Web of Things workshop.

As every year the workshop will consist of two distinct (but quite complementary parts). First, the WoT hackathon (http://www.webofthings.org/wot/2013/hackathon.php) where makers and tinkerers will meet to build awesome prototypes with connected things and products. Then, the WoT scientific workshop where researchers, practitioners and companies will meet to discuss the future of the WoT industry and research.

We look forward to many of you joining us in Zurich on September 8 and 9, 2013. The call for paper for the scientific part is now open (see below) and so is the registration for the hackathon (http://www.webofthings.org/wot/2013/hackathon.php)

CALL FOR PAPERS – Fourth International Workshop on the Web of Things (WoT 2013)
in conjunction with UbiComp 2013, Zurich, September 8-12, 2013.
www.webofthings.com/wot/2013/

Important Dates:
Paper submission deadline: May 31, 2013
Notification of acceptance: June 14, 2013
Camera-ready papers due: June 21, 2013
Workshop date: September 9, 2013

Workshop Abstract:
The Internet of Things has become a well-known brand for a set of research issues in the pervasive and ubiquitous computing communities. The focus of this research theme has mostly been on establishing connectivity in a variety of challenging and constrained networking environments. Our hypothesis is that the Web of Things is the next logical step in the ongoing evolution of how pervasive and ubiquitous computing have enabled new applications and provided new opportunities. The Web of Things takes the next step from establishing connectivity and thus the ability to communicate with real-world things, to a vision where physical devices become seamlessly integrated into the Web – not just through Web-based user interfaces of specialized applications, but by blending into the hypermedia information space created by the Web and its architectural principles.

Contributing to WoT 2013:
WoT 2013 solicits contributions in all areas related to the Web of Things, and we invite application designers to think beyond sensor networks and Web applications, and to imagine, design, build, evaluate, and share their thoughts and visions on what the future of the Web and networked devices will be. Continuing the successful Web of Things workshop series at PerCom 2010, Pervasive 2011, and Pervasive 2012, this workshop aims at exploring the use of principles and technologies at the core of the Web such as Representational State Transfer (REST), syndication (e.g., Atom), and real-time Web technologies for providing access to ubiquitous computing services. It aims at exploring and tackling the challenges to achieve a seamless Web of Things where the Web’s architectural principles are applied in a way that makes Web-enabled things usable across the largest possible set of application scenarios.

Topics for submissions include the following:
– Integration of embedded computers, wireless sensor networks, every-day appliances, smart gateways, and tagged objects (RFID, barcodes, QRs, NFC) using a Web approach.
– Real-time communication with physical objects (e.g., syndication, streaming, Web push mechanisms)
– Web-based discovery, search, composition, and physical mashups
– Use of semantic technologies (e.g., ontologies, embedded metadata, microdata, microformats, context) to facilitate the interaction with and between things on the Web
– Models, paradigms and standards to enable interaction with and between physical things for humans
– Security, privacy, access control, and sharing of physical things on the Web
– Application of Web tools and techniques in the physical world (e.g., REST, HTML5, 6lowpan, cloud services, social networks)
– Cloud platforms and services for the Web of Things
– Concrete applications, use-cases, deployments, and evaluations of Web-enabled Things in contexts such as smart homes, connected cities, and Web 2.0 enterprises

This fourth edition of the Web of Things workshop series will provide an interactive forum for WoT researchers to learn about and discuss existing efforts related to Web-based interactions with smart things. In order to ensure a high-quality technical session, submissions must cover one of the topics above and not exceed ten (10) pages in the UbiComp 2013 SIG Adjunct Proceedings Template (available at http://www.ubicomp.org/ubicomp2013/calls/templates.php). Research papers must be original prior unpublished work and not under review elsewhere as they will be published to the ACM digital library and listed on DBLP. All submissions will be peer-reviewed and selected based on their originality, merit, and relevance to the workshop. Submission requires at least one author to present the paper on-site. If you can, we encourage authors of accepted papers to bring a prototype and demonstrate it at the workshop, as part of an open demonstration session.

For more instructions on how to submit to WoT 2013 visit http://www.webofthings.org/wot/2013/submission.php.

Organizers:
Simon Mayer, ETH Zurich, Switzerland, http://people.inf.ethz.ch/mayersi
Vlad Trifa, EVRYTHNG Ltd., UK, http://vladtrifa.com
Dave Raggett, World Wide Web Consortium., http://www.w3.org/People/Raggett
Dominique Guinard, EVRYTHNG Ltd., UK, http://guinard.org

Program Committee:
Michael Blackstock, University of British Columbia, Canada
Benoit Christophe, Alcatel Lucent Bell Labs, France
Carolina Fortuna, Jozef Stefan Institute, Slovenia
Aitor Gomez-Goiri, Universidad de Deusto, Spain
Artem Katasonov, VTT Labs, Finland
Gerd Kortuem, Lancaster University, UK
Matthias Kovatsch, ETH Zurich, Switzerland
Rodger Lea, University of British Columbia, Canada
Olivier Liechti, University of Applied Sciences of Western Switzerland, Switzerland
Marino Linaje, Universidad de Extremadura, Spain
Diego López de Ipiña, Universidad de Deusto, Spain
Friedemann Mattern, ETH Zurich, Switzerland
Florian Michahelles, ETH Zurich, Switzerland
Guido Moritz, Universität Rostock, Germany
Claro Noda, Universidade do Minho, Portugal
Jacques Pasquier, Université de Fribourg, Switzerland
Cesare Pautasso, Università della Svizzera Italiana (USI), Switzerland
David Resseguie, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, USA
Till Riedel, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Germany
Andreas Ruppen, Université de Fribourg, Switzerland
Vlad Stirbu, Nokia, Finland
Inaki Vazquez, Symplio, Spain
Erik Wilde, EMC Corporation, USA

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Connected illustration by www.chky.ch

EVRYTHNG wins prestigious Frost & Sullivan award

While we wait for the engraved trophies to arrive here at EVRYTHNG Towers, we thought we’d share what a great first half of the year we’ve had here at EVRYTHNG.

First we scooped the Advertising Week Next Innovation Award in Social.  Now the EVRYTHNG engine has been recognised by Frost & Sullivan as the most innovative new product of 2013 for the Internet of Things and we have been awarded this year’s Frost & Sullivan New Product Innovation award.

After deep analysis of the Internet of Things market and against strict criteria EVRYTHNG, “an effective platform for connecting every physical object to the web”, was commended for improving “customers’ return on investment in several ways with the flexibility of its business model and the simplicity of its technology”. To be recognized by Frost & Sullivan’s global team of experts is a real honour.

And further good news arrived with last week’s announcement that EVRYTHNG has been shortlisted in The Digitals 2013 Consumer Products & Services category for our Father’s Day campaign for Diageo, winners of which will be decided later next month.

Such examples of industry recognition really are testament to our passionate, creative and innovative team (some of whom managed to escape the above picture!) and all their hard work so far this year. Good job guys!

You can see the full press release here and the download the official award report here!

Hey Big Brother, Leave That Fridge Alone

Reading the Mail on Sunday isn’t a regular part of my weekend routine, but an Internet of Things related front page headline caught my eye for obvious reasons, so I read a little more of the article.

It starts talking about power giants pushing through EU regs forcing us to have sinister chips installed in our white goods, like fridges and freezers, to track temperature, power consumption and so on.

It then spends most of the article frothing at the mouth about how said power giants will turn off all our appliances without our consent, in order to save electricity at peak times (squeezing in a picture of the Royal Wedding for good measure and an example of peak electricity consumption).

It’s not until right at the end of the piece where they bring in a spokesperson from the National Grid to explain a tiny bit about how the technology actually works and what it actually means:

“One of the proposed requirements is for a limited number of (future) temperature controlled devices such as fridges and freezers to have the capability to assist the real time balancing of electricity supply and demand by automatically switching off devices for short durations. This should result in benefits to consumers as it will lead to a reduced requirement for additional back-up electricity sources.”

Yeah, but who’s going to pay for my melty ice cream and rancid milk then?

“It will have no material impact on the operation of fridges and freezers, switching will be for a few seconds and only occasionally. Consumers’ produce will remain cool in their fridges and frozen in their freezers.”

Oh, ok then. I suppose it all sounds suspiciously sensible and probably a useful thing for the planet too given the CO2 impact of most energy production. But lets not let that interfere with a good headline.

Networked Devices And Maker Culture

On Tuesday digital agency TH_NK gathered together “technologists, marketers, creatives and strategists” to chat about how technology is changing the way marketers think and work. And they were kind enough to ask us along.

Along with Wired, Microsoft, Shazam, Blippar, Proxama, Station10, Currency Cloud and Carat, EVRYTHNG took part in panels discussing ‘Networked Devices & Maker Culture’, ‘The Cloud’ and ‘Physical to Digital’.

A lot of the conversation naturally revolved around the emerging Internet of Things (IoT) and, after the usual debate around it’s subjective definition, the key questions focused on barriers to adoption.

Some concern was expressed that the IoT might have a somewhat ‘gimmicky’ reputation and that apps were all too often stunts with no practical use cases. James Shepherd of Blippar argued that marketing stunts may not necessarily be a negative if they open the door for future interactions, but Matthew Knight of Carat felt that concepts like tweeting milk cartons are dangerous because they create a misleading, lasting impression of what the Internet of Things is about for consumers, agencies and brands alike.

A few panellists throughout the day felt that it was up to brands to experiment with connected products, learn the business lessons and adapt their marketing strategies and even their supply chains accordingly. EVRYTHNG’s Andy Hobsbawm highlighted the need for brands to put smart products in the hands of their customers, learn how they are used and generate data they can analyse to better cater for consumer needs in the future.

Miles Lewis of Shazam made a very practical point that app-based physical-digital technologies like Shazam and Blippar faced the challenge of “how to make sure we’re still relevant as apps” in a world where “94% all apps are deleted after a month”.

Ciaran O’Sullivan of Proxama recognised Apple’s lack of NFC support as a key barrier to adoption. He also referenced the on-going mobile payment war slowing down progress as banks and mobile operators fight over who owns the customer – issues less about implementation than politics.

Issues of privacy and security in an age of super-connectivity were debated, however Andy thought this was as much a need for common sense service design based around value exchange, as it was a technology problem to be solved. For instance, we are happy with Amazon knowing a huge amount about our shopping habits because they provide personalisation and convenience in return.

Also the social norms around privacy are constantly evolving so what is unacceptable today may well be the norm in the future. Knight also advocated that brands are ultimately marks of trust and have a kind of moral responsibility to make sure that their IoT services and products respect consumers’ rights for security and privacy.

A particularly positive view of the IoT to come out of the discussions was a ‘cradle to cradle’ manufacturing approach. The ability to track materials in products as they are produced, then manage the longevity of the products total life in the hands of consumers (including second hand markets), and finally breaking it down into component materials again to be recycled back into new physical things.

The IoT needs to be an “economic, industrial and social” ecosystem and for this to happen there has to be lasting value beyond brands, agencies, campaigns and consumers. Knight added that it’s actually this ecosystem and the life of information attached to the products connected by the IoT that will be where things start to get really interesting…

In other words, Big Data. Now there’s a good theme for the next TH_NKTANK session.

Lulled Into A False Sense of Security

I’ve just got back from a week at TED 2013 with the usual fragments of stimulating, fascinating and downright inspiring ideas ricocheting around my tired brain.

Futurist and author Juan Enriquez likened the social trails we leave on the Web to “digital tattoos” which never fade and theorised that Warhol’s prediction of 15 minutes of fame would become 15 minutes of anonymity.

MIT’s Skylar Tibbets introduced the astounding idea of 4D printing (3D printing is so last week) where the fourth dimension of time means that we’ll be able to print buildings which self-organize their own assembly.

And Neuroscientist Mary Lou Jepsen explained how it’s inevitable that within 5-10 years there will be no difference between ‘seeing’ and ‘imagining’. Ultra high-resolution brain imaging systems will give us direct network access to human thought and we’ll be able to dump the ideas in our brains directly onto digital media.

She showed some rather amazing footage where hi-res MRI scans of human brain activity were already being used to decode and then re-construct a close approximation of the video images someone was actually watching.

There was even a surreal launch of the Inter-Species Internet (the Internet of Things is so last week) where intelligent animals like dolphins, monkeys and elephants get iPads and stuff so they can join everyone and everything else online. (I was a bit surprised that the chimp we saw learning to play keyboards hasn’t yet been hired to join Google X but I’m sure it’s only a matter of time).

To be honest, if Neil “Fab Lab” Gershenfeld and  Vint “Granddaddy of TCP/IP” Cerf hadn’t been on stage, plus dolphin language expert Diana Rees and musician Peter Gabriel, I’m not sure this particular idea would’ve been taken quite as seriously.

Anyway, you can read a full download on the conference on the TED blog (and watch the talks as they go up), but the main prompt for this post was a talk by legendary engineer Danny Hillis (a man who, among many other things, registered the third ever domain name: think.com) about the vulnerability of the internet.

Hillis’ point was that the internet is becoming embedded so deeply into every aspect of our economy and society that we no longer understand where it begins and ends. And like the financial system which evolved instruments like derivatives and options that became too complex to keep track of, it’s a crash waiting to happen.

For instance, Pakistan made some router changes to try and censor YouTube a couple of years ago, and inadvertently blocked it for all of Asia. (I remember this well because I happened to visit an old friend who was part of the YouTube engineering team at the time and he hadn’t slept for a week trying to fix the issue).

And remember that this ‘network of networks’ was built on protocols that embody the communal ‘do the right thing’ philosophy of early internet engineers. Given modern geo-political tensions and globalised cyber-crime this is a system potentially too open to exploitation and abuse. For instance last April, an “honest mistake” by China Telecom re-routed a significant proportion of net traffic including military data through China. Not to mention scary nuclear facility hacking episodes like the Stuxnet virus.

Vint Cerf later made a fair counter-point that the very ubiquity of the net also increases resilience as well as potential vulnerability. But no-one would disagree with Hillis’ central point that we need a Plan B to backup the Internet in case of disaster.

What’s all this got to do with the Web of Things? Well, a couple of months ago our CTO Dom Guinard was interviewed for a Forrester report on IoT Security and made a very interesting point about the coming wave of Web-connected physical things. Namely that while most manufacturers have a deep, historical expertise about making physical products, they don’t know that much about the Internet.

The worry is that people might think it’s relatively trivial to connect their products to the Web and harness the connectivity without properly understanding its underlying systems. As a result, a whole new generation of physical things might make their way into the World Wide Web, born with more security holes than Internet Explorer 6.

To Hillis’ point, the bigger and more boundlessly inter-connected the Internet becomes, the harder it gets to fix if things go wrong. And given that all these networked physical objects will probably be using different systems and standards, there won’t be a single company to centrally release new security patches, alongside press statements playing down the issue, even if we wanted one.

Apparently ARPANET once crashed so badly that the sysadmins had to reboot it to get it working again. Yes that’s right, they turned the internet off and then on again. Good luck doing that if something goes wrong today. Let alone for the future Internet of information, people, things and, erm, animals.

PS. I managed to summon the courage to ask Danny Hillis what he thought about Dom’s idea during a coffee break and he agreed completely. Which means it almost certainly must be correct.

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Photo credits: Ted Conference, The Computer History Museum (via Wikipedia), Tom Fewster (via iStockPhoto)

A New Ingredient for Horsemeat… EVRYTHNG

In light of the recent revelations surrounding the use of horsemeat as an illegal substitute for beef, Swiss radio station RTS decided to investigate what might have been done to prevent it. In an interview with our illustrious Co-Founder and CTO Dominique Guinard, journalist Coralie Claude posed the question: How could technology have prevented this from happening?

The answer is quite simple. The solution already exists and involves giving every food product it’s own unique digital identity. This is done by tagging each individual product (using tag technologies like RFID/NFC or QR codes) and recording a combination of ‘tracking’ and ‘fingerprint’ data relating to that tagged product. This happens not within the tag itself, but in a secure and centralized online information server, like the EVRYTHNG Engine.

Tracking data or product journey data would be collected whenever a product tag was read at various points in a supply chain, the tags could then provide visibility surrounding who was responsible for the product, at which point, and at what time. Tampering with this data would be extremely difficult and involve every member of the supply chain being in on the hack!

Indeed this form of tracking already takes place within the EPC (Electronic Product Code) network (http://www.gs1.org/epcglobal): a global network of connected objects, tracked through the supply chain using RFID tags, that is already being used by the likes of Metro and Wallmart.

The problem with this process however is that currently the collected data is only stored on closed systems. For this tracking data to actually be valuable it needs to be available on the web and accessible by users.

Fingerprint data or product metadata would involve storing information in a centralized and authoritative information system accessible via the tag unique identifier. This information would directly correspond to the product itself. For example: illicit activity would be clearly evident if, when read, a products tag displayed data relating to Premium South American Fairtrade coffee beans yet the product itself was actually a low value coffee bean mix.

Not only would fingerprint data highlight any violation of a product, but the tracking data would further hold the supply chain accountable, making it possible to discover exactly where the violation took place.  Again, if fingerprint data is actually going to be useful it needs to be available on the web, preferably alongside tracking data, and accessible by users.

So if this is all possible, why doesn’t it exist?

Technologically it does exist (EPC net / GS1 etc), it just didn’t take off. For three main reasons:

  1. Reluctance to share data – the more companies share their data the more transparent they become, and businesses don’t always see this as preferable or beneficial.
  2. Consumer paranoia – the unfounded fear that in tracking a product so too, by proxy, would the owner of that product be tracked. This is not the case because products can only be tracked when their tags are read at a specific point e.g. the factory, the haulage depot, the supermarket. Plus, our phones are much bigger tracking devices than any RFID tag.
  3. No end-user benefit – tagging products had numerous benefits within the supply chain but no appeal to the end user, the consumer.

So what’s the answer?

We’ve already talked about the effective and accessible storage of both tracking and fingerprint data, but more crucially the answer lies in making this data useful outside of the existing supply chain parameters: making it useful to the citizen consumer.

The way to do this is by making it possible for 3rd parties to create mobile and Web applications which let consumers access digital information and services based on real, live product data, and to do this based on those products having unique, trackable and traceable digital identities on the Web.

The EPC Mashup prototype we worked on is an example of what this could look like in the (near) future. Built together with the AutoID labs at MIT / Zurich, SAP Research and the University of Fribourg, this prototype is based on an open-source module that makes global tracking data and EVRYTHNG product metadata available through a Web (REST) API. Hence, all tagged products get an Active Digital Identity in the form of a URL that can be linked to; exchanged in emails; browsed for; bookmarked etc.

Additionally, this paradigm shift allows Web languages like HTML and JavaScript or mobile platforms like iOS or Android to directly use RFID data to easily create end-consumers applications. This is illustrated by a Web dashboard (currently for Firefox only!). Select a product (e.g. a chocolate bar) in the main window and then open as many widgets as you’d like, each showing different real-time data about the particular product you have in your hands (where it came from, what it is, what people think about it etc.).

As for the horsemeat scandal, it would have been far less likely to happen if consumers had been able to access information about their products. And consumers interacting with their products has even more exciting possibilities beyond just finding out a products history. Once a product has it’s own digital identity online many other helpful digital tools can be attached to it to benefit both the consumer – such as product personalization and loyalty rewards – and the brand, such as real-time data analytics about how that product is made, sold and used.

A consumer would not only be able to see that their beef burger is a burger made of actual beef, but they’d be able to, for example, deconstruct their burger virtually to see it’s overall calorie content (including the extra nacho sauce); access related food recipes and recommendations or special offers direct from the brand, and so on.

The brand, in addition to the supply chain benefits, would have direct lines of communication with their consumers enabling them to not only access real time analytics surrounding how their products are used and by whom, but also to build an ongoing, one-to-one relationship with their customers.

The possibilities, for consumers, brands and the wider community, that stem from products having their own unique identities on the Web are endless, you’d think there would be companies out there already doing this… oh, wait a minute… ;)

A Web of Things Object Ecosystem

While there are clearly lots of important issues to solve in how products and other objects get connected, ultimately the opportunity to create new value is in what we do with the data flowing from and about those physical things once they are connected.

This data flowing from and about objects is the life-blood of applications, and applications are where the real value gets created. Yes apps can have their own direct business models, but unless there is an effective way to pass part of that value along the chain to the providers of data, it stops a wider ecosystem developing.  So when we think about how the Internet of Things is going to make money beyond silicon and data connectivity, we have to solve how the data flowing from and about connected objects can get monetized.

Some may argue that all information should be shared freely. But the reality is that connected objects need to operate in a managed environment online. Apart from any commercial considerations, privacy and regulatory requirements need to be respected. Connected objects have to know who they belong to, to make sure they’re being controlled by the right parties – you wouldn’t want just anyone being able to connect with and control your car. And connected things need to know who they are allowed to share information with, and indeed what kind of information they’re allowed to share. To extend the car example, most people wouldn’t want anyone on the Web being able to access their driving history.

The sheer diversity of object information coming online is exciting, and potentially creates a whole new economy of data networking powering all sorts of different applications. Making this information as flexible for developers as any other data on the Web to apply, link and integrate will be critical in turning a connected object ecosystem into an economy, and with that the creation of a real value chain. The Web of Things, where objects appear online as Web resources which can be interacted with using RESTful Web protocols, is a way to do exactly this.

We have identified the five most critical success factors:

Accessibility: Web protocols provide a simple and powerful way to make information from and about connected objects as easy to access as possible for applications. The technology is well understood by developers, robust, scalable across the diversity of object types, and abstracts the specifics of object connectivity from how they interact with applications.

Authenticity: Verifying the ownership of a physical object is vital to trusting their online identity, as is verifying the originator of the information.  Linking online object identities with identities of individuals or organizations that can be authenticated makes this possible.

Understandability:  It’s all very well having information flowing, but unless a common framework of semantics exists to interrogate and interact with connected objects, applications can’t effectively exploit them. It’s important for us and stakeholders in the emerging Internet of Things data ecosystem to ensure that consistent semantics for objects emerge, and that we build upon existing standards and formats of data exchange.

Traceability: For any transaction to be monetized, the identity of both the buyer and the seller have to be linked to the event, and the event itself recorded as a transaction. This can be achieved where a transaction with an object and its information is handled through a gateway trusted by both parties. In the Web of Things, that role falls to service providers like us, in the same way as payment gateways solve the problem for online purchase transactions.

Mashability:  Linked closely with Accessibility, serving up physical things as Web resources makes them accessible and leverageable for application developers.  Why should mashing up information from a car and a building be any different to mashing together photos from Flickr?

At the heart of the solution is finding a way to bring a layer of metadata to our object information.  If we can tag every piece of information and every transactional event to link them with the objects, applications and end-users they are associated with, we will have created the means to measure, monitor and monetize the Internet of Things.